Wednesday, December 5, 2012

RPT-NFL-Kansas City Chiefs murder/suicide key may never be found

(Repeats to change word in headline)

* Player's death adds to recent NFL suicides

* Player head injuries seen as ongoing problem

* Experts wonder if drugs such as steroids involved

Dec 3 (Reuters) - The murder/suicide committed on Saturday by Kansas City Chiefs football player Jovan Belcher left the National Football League, its fans and health professionals struggling to understand what drove him to do it.

Belcher, 25, shot and killed his 22-year-old girlfriend Kasandra Perkins, the mother of his three-month-old daughter, in front of his own mother at home before driving to Arrowhead Stadium where he shot himself dead in the parking lot after thanking team officials for all they had done for him.

For the NFL, arguably the most popular U.S. professional sport, the tragic shootings cast the league in a frightfully brutal light as Belcher became the fourth player this year to die of a self-inflicted gunshot.

Former players Junior Seau in May, Ray Easterling in April and Michael Current in January all committed suicide.

A fifth suicide victim, former Chicago Bears player Dave Duerson killed himself by gunshot less than two years ago, leaving a note requesting that his brain be examined for a post-concussive disease that might have led to his severe depression.

An brain analysis showed that Duerson had a degenerative brain disease, as he had believed.

Details on Belcher's health have been slow to emerge.

Dr. Alan Hilfer, Director of Psychology at Maimonides Medical Center in New York, said just why Belcher suddenly snapped could remain a mystery.

"We may never know the reasons," Hilfer told Reuters in a telephone interview on Monday. "Something was terribly wrong."

The league has come under fire from former players who have joined to sue the NFL, claiming league officials looked the other way while the players were absorbing concussions that have led to long-term disabilities.

LOOKING FOR AN EDGE

Others suspect that the high-speed, muscular contact game leads players to look for a doping edge despite drug testing, and that can lead to psychological instability.

Chiefs Chairman Clark Hunt said Sunday that doctors and coaches told him they knew of no physical or emotional issues bothering Belcher, who reached the NFL as a free agent after going to the University of Maine.

"What do you look for? It's a very hard question to answer," Hilfer said. "Certainly you look for mood changes. Certainly you look for increased levels of impulsively and anger.

"These things sometimes occur so suddenly. Sometimes there is just no way you could possibly know that someone is going to perpetrate an act of violence of this magnitude."

Don Hooton, who founded the Taylor Hooton Foundation to promote steroids education in 2004, seven months after his son, Taylor, committed suicide following his use of anabolic steroids, suspects doping.

"Every time I hear a story like this, my mind runs immediately to anabolic steroids," Hooton said. "Not necessarily to the exclusion of anything else, but because anabolic steroids can affect the mind in these crazy ways.

"I hope when they do the autopsy on this young man, that they look for these substances because it's possible that what we saw was 'Roid Rage'" - a label given to the exhibition of anger among steroid users.

Hooton said that despite efforts in professional leagues to stem the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PED), recent studies showed that steroids use was on the rise among U.S. school children.

"It's not getting better - it's getting worse," said Hooton. "We better wake up, America."

LARGER SOCIETAL PROBLEMS

Dan Lebowitz, executive director of Sport in Society at Northeastern University, said he saw the Belcher tragedy as something that speaks to societal problems transcending sports.

"This is an issue of men's violence against women, not just football players being too violent," Lebowitz said.

"When I look at it, I try to take it out of the realm of sport. I just think about the way we acculturate young boys in this country and our whole view of manhood."

Lebowitz's group has worked for the NFL on a 2010 training program aimed at gender equality and respect in the workplace, and ran a training project at the soccer World Cup in South Africa on preventing gender violence.

"If you look at how many NFL players commit gender violence in proportion to the overall population, the percentage falls in line with the general population, three to five percent.

"From what I hear she came home from a concert late and he reacted horrifically. We don't have a healthy concept of what manhood is and how certain things that we see as an affront to manhood probably aren't that at all."

Lebowitz said the awful incident could spawn an opportunity to educate others.

"Nothing happens in a bubble. This is the fifth NFL player to commit suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot ... this one was (preceded) by a murder. Right now there is an absolute heightened spotlight on all the issues around sports in general.

"How do we make a healthier sport, and how do we make a healthier man? How do we engage in a real conversation about respect for women's rights and freedoms?"

Dr. Hilfer said athletes were often reluctant to seek help.

"They can benefit from additional help, especially considering the rash of suicides from concussive syndromes," he said. "I would have loved to get this guy into some form of counseling therapy.

"It would have been wonderful if they could ask for help but athletes are often reluctant because their image is that of a tough guy who can handle things. They are as a rule some of the people who are least likely to access mental health services."

Mike Paul, who runs a New York public relations business specializing in reputation management, said the incident would challenge NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell.

"This is a big one for him," Paul told Reuters. "The helmet (safety) issue and the steroids and PED issue, continue. Now it is right back in his face again and he has two choices.

"He can confront it head on and say it is time for further examination as we go into 2013 ... or he can try to slide it under the rug by saying it's a one-off.

"I think it would be a big mistake to say it was a one-off." (Editing by Philip Barbara)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/rpt-nfl-kansas-city-chiefs-murder-suicide-key-041847352--nfl.html

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Tuesday, December 4, 2012

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Ruyn Chronicles: The Winds of Fate

After nearly three thousand years, a crumbling empire faces devastation when it uncovers an ancient secret that may very well alter the course of the world itself.

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New optical tweezers trap specimens just a few nanometers across

ScienceDaily (Dec. 4, 2012) ? A microscale technique known as optical trapping uses beams of light as tweezers to hold and manipulate tiny particles. Stanford researchers have found a new way to trap particles smaller than 10 nanometers -- and potentially down to just a few atoms in size -- which until now have escaped light's grasp.

To grasp and move microscopic objects, such as bacteria and the components of living cells, scientists can harness the power of concentrated light to manipulate them without ever physically touching them.

Now, doctoral student Amr Saleh and Assistant Professor Jennifer Dionne, researchers at the Stanford School of Engineering, have designed an innovative light aperture that allows them to optically trap smaller objects than ever before -- potentially just a few atoms in size.

The process of optical trapping -- or optical tweezing, as it is often known -- involves sculpting a beam of light into a narrow point that produces a strong electromagnetic field. The beam attracts tiny objects and traps them in place, just like a pair of tweezers.

Unfortunately, there are natural limits to the technique. The process breaks down for objects significantly smaller than the wavelength of light. Therefore, optical tweezers cannot grasp super-small objects like individual proteins, which are only a couple of nanometers in diameter.

Saleh and Dionne have shown theoretically that light passed through their novel aperture would stably trap objects as small as 2 nanometers. The design was published in the journal Nano Letters, and Saleh is now building a working prototype of the microscopic device.

Agonies of scale

As a materials scientist, Jennifer Dionne imagined an optical tool that would help her precisely move molecular building blocks into new configurations. "Optical tweezers seemed like a really cool way of assembling new materials," she said. Dionne is the paper's senior author.

Unfortunately, existing optical tweezers are not adept at handling these tiny building blocks. "It's been a known for several decades that trapping nano-sized objects with light would be challenging," said Dionne.

The problem is inherent to the light beam itself. Optical trapping typically uses light in the visible spectrum (with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers) so that scientist can actually see the specimen as they manipulate it.

Due to a physical constraint called the diffraction limit of light, the smallest space in which optical tweezing can trap a particle is approximately half the wavelength of the light beam. In the visible spectrum this would be about 200 nanometers -- half the shortest visible wavelength of 400 nanometers.

Thus, if the specimen in question is only 2 nanometers wide -- the size of a typical protein -- trapping it in a space of 200 nanometers allows only very loose control at best. Scale-wise, it is akin to guiding a minnow with 20-meter-wide fishing net.

Additionally, the optical force that light can exert on an object diminishes as the objects get smaller. "If you want to trap something very small, you need a tremendous amount of power, which will burn your specimen before you can trap it," Saleh said.

Some researchers get around this problem by attaching the specimen to a much larger object that can be dragged around with light. Dionne noted, however, that important molecules like insulin or glucose might behave quite differently when attached to giant anchors than they would on their own. To isolate and move a tiny object without frying it, the researchers needed a way around the limitations of conventional optical trapping.

The promise of plasmonics

Dionne says that the most promising method of moving tiny particles with light relies on plasmonics, a technology that takes advantage of the optical and electronic properties of metals. A strong conductor like silver or gold holds its electrons weakly, giving them freedom to move around near the metal's surface.

When light waves interact with these mobile electrons, they move in what Dionne describes as "a very well-defined, intricate dance," scattering and sculpting the light into electromagnetic waves called plasmon-polaritons. These oscillations have a very short wavelength compared to visible light, enabling them to trap small specimens more tightly.

Dionne and Saleh applied plasmonic principles to design a new aperture that focuses light more effectively. The aperture is structured much like the coaxial cables that transmit television signals, Saleh said. A nanoscale tube of silver is coated in a thin layer of silicon dioxide, and those two layers are wrapped in a second outer layer of silver. When light shines through the silicon dioxide ring, it creates plasmons at the interface where the silver and silicon dioxide meet. The plasmons travel along aperture and emerge on the other end as a powerful, concentrated beam of light.

The Stanford device is not the first plasmonic trap, but it promises to trap the smallest specimens recorded to date. Saleh and Dionne have theoretically shown that their design can trap particles as small as 2 nanometers. With further improvements, their design could even be used to optically trap molecules even smaller.

An optical multi-tool

As nanoscale tools go, this new optical trap would be quite a versatile gadget. While the researchers first envisioned it in the context of materials science, its potential applications span many other fields including biology, pharmacology, and genomics.

Dionne said she would first like to trap a single protein, and try to unravel its twisted structure using visible light alone. Dionne points out that the beam of light could also be used to exert a strong pulling force on stem cells, which has been shown to change how the these important building blocks differentiate into various kinds of cells. Saleh, on the other hand, is particularly excited about moving and stacking tiny particles to explore their attractive forces and create new, "bottom-up" materials and devices.

All this is down the road, however. In the meantime, Saleh is working on turning the design into reality. He hopes to have a prototype by early 2013.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Stanford School of Engineering. The original article was written by Kelly Servick.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Amr A. E. Saleh, Jennifer A. Dionne. Toward Efficient Optical Trapping of Sub-10-nm Particles with Coaxial Plasmonic Apertures. Nano Letters, 2012; 12 (11): 5581 DOI: 10.1021/nl302627c

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/matter_energy/biochemistry/~3/S3kDdvPz7zM/121204154418.htm

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Iraq government stops Turkish minister landing in Kurdistan

ANKARA (Reuters) - A plane carrying Turkey's energy minister to an energy conference in Iraqi Kurdistan was denied permission to land on Tuesday by the central government in Baghdad, underlining its strained relations with Ankara and Iraq's Kurdish region.

The minister's private plane, which was en route from Istanbul to the northern Iraqi city of Arbil, was forced to land in the Turkish city of Kayseri, southeast of the capital Ankara.

Iraq's civilian aviation authority said it had refused the plane permission because it had not complied with regulations.

"We haven't forbidden any plane to enter our airspace ... but we have special regulations and laws which organize the flight of certain planes," said Nasser Bandar, manager of the aviation authority.

"The UAE, Jordan and Turkey forwarded their demand to get permission for private flights, and we refused the three requests as they were not going along with Iraqi laws and regulations," he said.

The fact that Turkey's energy minister was en route to participate in a conference on energy in the north would likely have aggravated the government in Baghdad.

Baghdad, which has been locked in its own long-running feud over oil and land rights with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in the north, has been riled by Ankara's recent moves aimed at forging closer ties with the Iraqi Kurds.

Ankara and Baghdad have also accused each other of inciting sectarian tension and have summoned each others' ambassadors in tit-for-tat manoeuvres.

STRATEGIC ALLIANCE

Turkey, which shares a border with Iraqi Kurdistan, has increasingly courted Iraqi Kurds as its relations with Baghdad have soured and while Ankara is a major investment and trading partner for the whole country, most business is with the north.

Kurdistan has also been taking steps towards easing its reliance on Baghdad in the sale of its oil and gas, further irritating the Iraqi government which says it has the sole right to export oil and gas produced throughout Iraq.

An oil pipeline pumping about 60,000 bpd already feeds directly from Kurdistan's Tawke oilfield into the main pipeline to the Turkish port of Ceyhan, and more are due to follow. Turkey also began importing crude oil by truck from Kurdistan this year in exchange for diesel.

KRG spokesman Safeen Dizayee said he believed the air regulations had only been introduced the previous day and hoped there had been no separate motive behind the move.

"It is new to us, we were not aware of it. We sincerely hope the reason behind this is actually this technical issue and nothing more," Dizayee said.

Speaking to Turkish media after landing in Kayseri, Yildiz said he was in talks with Iraq over the incident and that he believed the breakdown in communication would be repaired.

"I believe this interruption in communication will be resolved. I believe our colleagues in the central Iraqi government will treat this subject with sensitivity," Turkish media reported Yildiz as saying.

"All our projects, wherever in Iraq they may be, are about normalizing the whole of Iraq. There will be an investigation. We are meeting with the (Turkish) foreign ministry. I am talking to Iraq. We will see what comes out of this," he said.

Relations with Baghdad have also been strained by Turkish air strikes on northern Iraq on bases of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), a Turkish Kurd militant group. Baghdad asked Turkey to stop attacking the PKK on its soil after Ankara stepped up operations following a rise in militant attacks inside Turkey.

The PKK, considered a terrorist group by Ankara, the United States and the European Union, has been fighting the Turkish state since 1984 for greater self rule in Turkey's southeast.

(Additional reporting by Isabel Coles in Arbil and Suadad al-Salhy in Baghdad; Writing by Jonathon Burch; Editing by Jon Hemming)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/iraq-government-stops-turkish-minister-landing-kurdistan-172843720.html

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Man charged in barista death linked to 7 killings

ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) ? A man charged in the death of an Alaska barista was found dead in his jail cell Sunday, and authorities announced hours later that investigators have linked him in recent months to seven other possible slayings in three other states.

Israel Keyes died of an apparent suicide, U.S. Attorney Karen Loeffler said at a hastily assembled news conference that also included the FBI and Anchorage police

Keyes was facing a March trial in Anchorage federal court for the murder of 18-year-old Samantha Koenig, who was abducted from a coffee kiosk in the city last February. He was later arrested in Texas after using the victim's debit card.

Keyes confessed to killing Koenig, as well as killing Bill and Lorraine Currier of Essex, Vt., Anchorage police chief Mark Mew told reporters.

The bodies of the Curriers have never been found. They were last seen leaving their jobs on June 8, 2011. Co-workers reported them missing the next day.

Keyes, 34, also indicated he killed four others in Washington state and one person in New York state, but didn't give the victims' names, authorities said.

The FBI contends Keyes killed Koenig less than a day after she was kidnapped. Her body was recovered April 2 from an ice-covered lake north of Anchorage.

Koenig's disappearance gripped the city for weeks.

A surveillance camera showed an apparently armed man in a hooded sweat shirt leading Koenig away from the coffee stand. Koenig's friends and relatives established a reward fund and plastered the city with fliers with her photo in hopes of finding the young woman alive.

Prosecutors said Keyes stole the debit card from a vehicle she shared that was parked near her home, obtained the personal identification number and scratched the number into the card.

After killing Koenig, Keyes used her phone to send text messages to conceal the abduction, according to prosecutors. He flew to Texas and returned Feb. 17 to Anchorage, where he sent another text message demanding ransom and directing it to the account connected to the stolen debit card, according to prosecutors.

Keyes made withdrawals from automated teller machines in Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas before his arrest in Texas, according to prosecutors. He was charged with kidnapping resulting in Koenig's death.

Koenig's family said there was no apparent previous connection between the teen and the suspect. Reached by phone Sunday, Koenig's father, James Koenig declined to comment on Keyes' death.

In Vermont, the U.S. Attorney's Office said in a statement Sunday that they have been working with investigators in Alaska since April on the Currier case.

Investigators have determined that the couple's home was entered forcibly, and that there was evidence of a possible struggle.

Their car was stolen and was recovered several days after their disappearance at an apartment complex about three-quarters of a mile away from their home.

Marilyn Chates, Bill Currier's mother, told The Associated Press that police contacted her some time ago to tell her about Keyes' confession and to tell her that they believed the couple's killing was random.

Certificates of presumed death were issued over the summer and a memorial service was held in late summer, she said.

Vermont authorities called Chates Sunday to tell her of Keyes' suicide.

"After some thinking, our family has been saved the long road ahead ? trials, possible plea agreements and possible appeals ? and perhaps this was the best thing that could have happened," she said from her home in Florida Sunday evening.

Keyes was thorough and methodical in disposing victims, authorities said Sunday. Only Koenig's body has been recovered.

He didn't have a clear pattern in victims, who ranged widely in age, authorities said. Money appeared to be just a partial motive.

Authorities say they may never know the full extent of Keyes' crimes because he parsed out only a little information at a time, withholding names and locations of most of his victims.

There may be victims in other states, besides the four states noted by Keyes, FBI Special Agent in Charge Mary Rook said.

Keyes also confessed to bank robberies in New York state and Texas.

Authorities wouldn't say how Koenig killed himself, only that he was alone in his cell. An autopsy will be conducted.

Keyes could have faced the death penalty in the Koenig case.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/man-charged-barista-death-linked-7-killings-004022534.html

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Gigantic Health Insurance Companies Might Not Be So Bad, After All ...

Among other things, Austin Frakt has taught me to view the healthcare market as a competition between providers and insurance companies. If you have a market served by lots of hospitals and only one or two insurance carriers, then the insurance companies have a lot of leverage: they each represent a huge chunk of the customer base and can threaten to take their business elsewhere if a hospital charges too much. In the opposite situation, with only one or two hospitals in a region, they're the ones with the leverage. Even if their prices are high, insurance companies can't withdraw their business because there are no other choices available.

What this means is that "more competition" doesn't necessarily lead to lower prices. Over at Economix, a trio of researchers confirms this using a state-by-state comparison:

We examined the relationship between insurer market power (defined as the market share of the two largest companies) and changes in premiums. We found that concentration of insurer power ? hence less competition ??was not significantly associated with higher premiums, as can be seen in the chart below.

In English, this means that a small number of big insurance carriers generally led to lower premiums:

Hawaii is a good example. Kaiser Permanente and Blue Cross Blue Shield together controlled more than 90 percent of the insurance market in 2001. In this highly concentrated market, the average premium rose only 72 percent over the decade, compared to an overall increase of 135 percent nationwide. By contrast, Virginia had one of the most competitive markets in 2001, with its two largest insurers controlling only 25 percent of the market, yet premiums in the state increased nearly 140 percent over the period.

I've never been persuaded that insurance companies provide any real benefit in the healthcare market, since what they offer is only barely "insurance" in the usual sense. Mostly they're just intermediaries, with their market power to drive down prices slightly outweighed by their high administrative costs. Net effect: pretty close to zero. It's providers and consumers who really drive prices, not the middlemen. Still, this study suggests that as long as we're stuck with private insurance companies, we're probably better off with a few big, powerful ones. Competition between insurers is just another way of giving providers more leverage, and they're the ones who really control prices.

UPDATE:?If you want things straight from the horse's mouth, here's the Austin Frakt version of all this.

Source: http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2012/12/gigantic-health-insurance-companies-might-not-be-so-bad-after-all

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Monday, December 3, 2012

US slams Israel on new settlement plan

(AP) ? The Obama administration on Monday harshly criticized its top Mideast ally, Israel, over new settlement construction plans in areas the Palestinians claim for a future state.

The State Department said the plans, notably one to begin preliminary work on an especially sensitive piece of land outside Jerusalem known as E1, are "especially damaging" to prospects for a resumption in Israeli-Palestinian peace talks and run counter to longstanding U.S. policy.

"The United States opposes all unilateral actions, including West Bank settlement activity and housing construction in East Jerusalem, as they complicate efforts to resume direct, bilateral negotiations, and risk prejudging the outcome of those negotiations," spokesman Mark Toner said in a statement. "This includes building in the E1 area as this area is particularly sensitive and construction there would be especially damaging to efforts to achieve a two-state solution."

Israel on Friday announced that it would move ahead on plans to build 3,000 settler homes in the West Bank and east Jerusalem on territory the Palestinians claim as theirs to punish the Palestinians for winning U.N. recognition. It also said it would begin planning work in E1, where construction would essentially end hopes for an eventual Palestinian state to be contiguous.

Building in E1 would sever the link between the West Bank and east Jerusalem, which the Palestinians claim for a future capital. It would also cut off the northern part of the West Bank from its southern flank.

"We have made clear to the Israeli government that such action is contrary to U.S. policy," Toner said. "The United States and the international community expect all parties to play a constructive role in efforts to achieve peace. We urge the parties to cease unilateral actions and take concrete steps to return to direct negotiations so all the issues can be discussed and the goal of two states living side by side in peace and security can be realized."

The Palestinians say construction in that territory would kill any hope for establishing a viable state of Palestine. Successive U.S. governments have agreed, and under intense American pressure, Israel has avoided building settlements in the area. It has, however, developed roads and infrastructure and built a police station.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-12-03-US-Israel/id-75312daee9e648ab8d13d61868068a5e

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